Use of Textured Materials in Turkish Engraving Art

Abstract

After carving a pattern on the surface of molds such as wood, linoleum, copper, zinc, plastic, etc., which can be carved or left a mark on them, with metal-tipped carving and scraping tools and different methods, paint is applied to the pits or bumps of the mold, sometimes both, and then printed on paper. The image obtained by transferring it onto another object is called engraving. Modern developments in world art in the 20th century led to the use of new and modern techniques in engraving art, especially in Europe. Among these modern applications, there is also the use of different textures in the art of engraving. Artists transferred natural and artificial textured materials to engraving molds or directly to paper during printing. Turkish engraving art has also been affected by these innovations over time, and these modern practices have been accepted by artists. In this study, the use of texture in engraving art is discussed through examples of works by Turkish engraving artists Muammer Bakır, Mürşide İçmeli, Gülbin Koçak, Güler Akalan and Hatice Bengisu. In order to explain the texture transfer methods related to the subject with visuals, photographs were taken. In addition, a literature review on the subject was conducted in domestic libraries and in the virtual environment, and appropriate texts and images were collected.